dialectic what’s
Dialectic: An Overview
Dialectic, also known as the dialectical method, is a form of reasoning and argumentation that involves the exchange of opposing ideas to discover the truth. It has a rich history in philosophy and has evolved through various interpretations and applications.
Origins and Classical Philosophy
- Greek Philosophy: The term “dialectic” originates from the Greek word dialektikḗ, which refers to the art of dialogue and reasoning through interactive questioning and answering. It was notably used by Socrates and Plato to explore philosophical concepts through dialogues involving arguments and counter-arguments[3].
- Aristotle: Aristotle further developed the concept, categorizing dialectic as a method of reasoning that contrasts with formal logic. He viewed it as a way to examine commonly accepted opinions (endoxa) and their contradictions to arrive at a deeper understanding[1].
Hegelian Dialectic
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: Hegel redefined dialectic as a process of development through the resolution of contradictions. His dialectical method involves three stages: thesis (an initial idea), antithesis (the negation or contradiction of the thesis), and synthesis (the resolution of the conflict between thesis and antithesis, leading to a higher level of understanding)[3][6].
- Hegel’s Influence: Hegel’s dialectic is not just a method of argument but a way to understand the dynamic and evolving nature of reality itself. His ideas significantly influenced later philosophical and social theories, including Marxism.
Marxist Dialectic
- Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: Marx and Engels adapted Hegelian dialectic into a materialist framework, known as dialectical materialism. They applied the dialectical method to the study of social and economic processes, emphasizing class struggle as the central contradiction driving historical development[3].
- Dialectical Materialism: In Marxist theory, dialectical materialism views societal change as a result of the conflict between opposing forces, such as the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. This conflict leads to the negation of the existing social order and the creation of a new, more advanced society[3].
Modern Interpretations
- Contemporary Philosophy: Dialectic continues to be a valuable method in modern philosophy and social sciences. It is used to analyze and resolve contradictions in various fields, from ethics to political theory[2][6].
- Criticism and Development: While some philosophers, like Karl Popper, have criticized dialectic for being unscientific, others have continued to develop and refine the method, integrating it with formal logic and other analytical tools[3].
Key Features
- Contradiction and Resolution: Central to dialectic is the idea that contradictions are not merely obstacles but essential to the process of development and understanding.
- Dynamic Process: Dialectic is inherently dynamic, focusing on the evolution and transformation of ideas and phenomena through the resolution of conflicts[3].
- Application Across Disciplines: Beyond philosophy, dialectic is applied in various disciplines, including sociology, political science, and literary theory, to explore and resolve complex issues[3][6].
In summary, dialectic is a method of reasoning that seeks to uncover the truth through the resolution of contradictions. It has evolved from its classical roots in Greek philosophy to become a central concept in Hegelian and Marxist thought, continuing to influence contemporary philosophical and social theories.
引用:
[1] 弁証法 https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%81%E8%A8%BC%E6%B3%95
[2] DIALECTIC | 意味, Cambridge 英語辞書での定義 https://dictionary.cambridge.org/ja/dictionary/english/dialectic
[3] Dialectic – Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectic
[4] dialecticの意味・使い方・読み方 – 英辞郎 https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=dialectic
[5] What is Dialectic? – jstor https://www.jstor.org/stable/2250841
[6] Dialectic Definition & Meaning – Merriam-Webster https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dialectic
[7] 英語「dialectic」の意味・使い方・読み方 | Weblio英和辞書 https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/dialectic
[8] What the heck is a dialectic : r/askphilosophy – Reddit https://www.reddit.com/r/askphilosophy/comments/ucbzt6/what_the_heck_is_a_dialectic/
[9] DIALECTIC definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/dialectic
[10] dialecticとは・意味・使い方・読み方・例文 – 英ナビ!辞書 英和辞典 https://www.ei-navi.jp/dictionary/content/dialectic/
[11] What is Dialectics? – Brooklyn Institute for Social Research https://thebrooklyninstitute.com/items/courses/new-york/what-is-dialectics/
[12] DIALECTIC | English meaning – Cambridge Dictionary https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/dialectic
[13] dialectic の意味、語源・英語語源辞典・etymonline https://www.etymonline.com/jp/word/dialectic
[14] What is Dialectic? From Heraclitus to Marx – TheCollector https://www.thecollector.com/what-is-dialectic-heraclitus-marx/
[15] Dialectical Definition & Meaning – Merriam-Webster https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dialectical
[16] dialecticの意味 – goo辞書 英和和英 https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/dialectic/